Characterization of Synthesized SrTiO3 from Purified Celestite Concentrate Using Mechanochemical Process

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Materials Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj , 75918-74934, Iran.

Abstract

Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) was synthesized by mechanochemical processing of a mixture of purified celestite concentrate and titanium dioxide. First, SrCO3 was prepared from a mixture of purified celestite concentrate and sodium carbonate via a mechanochemical method, then SrTiO3 synthesizes from a stoichiometric mixture of SrCO3 and TiO2 powder. After isothermal heating of a 5-h milled mixture of SrCO3-TiO2 powder at 900 ℃ for 2 h, a single phase of SrTiO3 with a cubic structure was produced. The synthesized SrTiO3 powders were sintered at different temperatures for 2 h. The produced SrTiO3 samples were characterized using SEM micrographs, and the phase changes were evaluated using XRD analyses. The changes in the density and dielectric constant of the sintered samples were also determined. The results showed that the properties of SrTiO3 highly depended on the sintering temperature. Owing to the microstructure and grain size of the produced SrTiO3 in the milled samples, the dielectric constant of the milled sample was lower than that of the un-milled sample. 

Graphical Abstract

Characterization of Synthesized SrTiO3 from Purified Celestite Concentrate Using Mechanochemical Process

Keywords

References

  1. Q. -A. Zhu, J. -G. Xu, Sh. Xiang, L. -X. Chen, Zh. -G. Tan, Mater. Lett. 2011, 65, 873-875.
  2. R. D. Widodo, A. Manaf, R. R. ViktorVekky, H. Al-Janan Dony, Int. J. Innovative Res. in Adv. Eng. (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-27632, 2015, 12, 66-70.
  3. G. Brankovic, Z. Brankovic, J. Arana Varelaand, E. Longo, J. of the European Ceram. Soc. 2004, 24, 989-991.
  4. C. N. George, J. K. Thomas, R. Josec, H. P. Kumar, M. K. Suresh, V. Ratheesh Kumar, P. R. Shobana Wariar, J. Koshy, J. Alloys Compd. 2009, 486, 711-715.
  5. S. -J. Lee, P. Thiyagarajan, M. -J. Lee, J. Ceram. Processing Res. 2008, 9, 385-388.
  6. T. Wanjun, Ch. Donghua, Int. J. Applied Ceram. Tech.

     2007, 4, 549-553.  

  1. H. Liu, X. Sun, Q. Zhao, J. Xiao, Sh. Ouyang, Solid-State Electronics, 2003, 47, 2295-2298.
  2. N. Kalender, M. Kartal, Interceram, 1998, 47, 108-11.
  3. Y. Li, H. Liu, H. Zhang, Sh. Ouyang, Sci. in China (Series A-Math.), 1997, 40, 779-784.

10.J. Lee, H. C. Shin, J. C. Choi, S. C. Choi, J. of the Microelectronics and Packaging Soc. 2000, 7, 7-11.

11.W. Xuewen, Zh. Zhiyong, Zh. Shuixian, Mater. Sci. Eng. B. 2001, 86, 29-33.

12.J. Wang, S. Yin, Q. Zhang, F. Saito, T. Sato, J. Mater. Chem. 2003, 13, 2348-2352.

13.L. Ehrambaf, N. Setoudeh, M. Ali Askari Zamani and R. Hayati, J. New Mater. 2019, 10, 105-118 (in Farsi).

14.R. Ashiri, R. Ajami, A. Moghtada, Int. J. Applied Ceram. Tech. 2015, 12[S2], 202-206.

15.N. Nekokar, M. Pourabdoli, A. Ghaderi Hamidi, J. of Particle Sci. and Tech. 2018, 4, 13-22.

16.M. Azadeh, C. Zamani, A. Ataie, J. R. Morante, N. Setoudeh, J. Phys. and Chem. of Solids. 2020, 139, 109318.

17.N. Setoudeh, C. Zamani, M. Sajjadnejad, J. of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Mater. 2017, 50, 51-59.

18.A. Sharifi, R. Hayati, N. Setoudeh, Gh. Rezaei, Mater. Res. Express. 2021, 8, 106103.

19.R. Saldana Garces, J. T. Torres, A. F. Valdes, Ceram. Int. 2012, 38, 889-894.

20.G. Chen, D. Niu, X. Liu, J. Alloys Compd. 2005, 399, 280-283.

  1. B. Psiuk, J. Szade, R. Wrzalik, M. Osadnik, T. Wala, Ceram. Int. 2014, 40, 6957-6961.

22.J. Zivojinovic, V. P. Pavlovic, D. Kosanovic, S. Markovic, J. Krstic, V. A. Blagojevic, V. B. Pavlovic, J. Alloys Compd. 2017, 695, 863-870.

23.V. Berbenni, A. Marini, B. Bruni, J. Alloys Compd. 2001, 329, 230-238.

24.Y. -J. Wong, H. Jumiah, M. Hashim, S. -Y. Wong,                  L. -Ch. Yan, Adv. Mater. 2011, 364388-392.

25.L. Ehrambaf, Synthesis of strontium titanate from celestite concentrate and titanium dioxide mixture via mechanochemical process, M.Sc. Thesis, 2020, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran (in Farsi).

26.HSC Chemistry for Windows,Version 6.12,Outotec Research.Oy, (1974-2007).

27.N. Setoudeh, M. Ali Askari Zamani, Production of strontium carbonate from celestite using mechanochemical process, Final Report of Research Project, 2009, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran (in Farsi).

28.A. Obut, P. Balaz, I. Girgin, Miner. Eng. 2006, 19, 1185-1190.

29.A. H. E. Castillejos, F. P. B. De La Cruz-De1, A. S. Uribe, Hydrometallurgy. 1996, 40, 207-222.

30.N.  Setoudeh,  A.  Saidi,  Effect  of  ball  milling on the

      polymorphous transformation of TiO2 (anatase type). Proceedings of Titanium-2003, 10th world Conference on Titanium, 2003, 277-283, Hamburg, Germany.

31.R. Ren, Z. Yang, L. L. Shaw, J. Mater. Sci. 2000, 35, 6015-6026.

32.S. Begin-Colin, G. Le Caer, A. Mocellin and M. Zandona, M, Philosophical Magazine Letters.69, 1994, Published online: 2006, 1-7.

33.J. F. Tong, L. Wang, D. M. Chen, Adv. Mater. Research. 2012, 412, 78-81.

34.A. Tkach, P. M. Vilarinho, A. M. R. Senos, A. L. Kholkin, J. European Ceram. Soc. 2005, 25, 2769-2772.

Inorganic Chemistry Research
Volume 6, Issue 2
December 2022
Pages 130-138

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 06 February 2023
  • Revise Date: 19 March 2023
  • Accept Date: 25 March 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics